Getting Started in Archives: An Interview with Jennifer Pelose

By: Isabella Rozzi

Plan of  Harvard College buildings, 1784, by student Joshua Green. Harvard University Collection. Harvard University Archives.

Jennifer Pelose has spent time working her way up and around Harvard’s archival repositories since finishing graduate school in 2002. Starting as a grant processor in Harvard’s Countway Library, to her current position as head archivist in charge of archival projects and technical services at Harvard’s University Archives, Pelose has learned a lot of lessons and has wisdom to share about the field.

While getting an undergraduate degree in history, Pelose had an active role in editing and writing for her college’s student newspaper, but after working in an archive she got a new perspective that she felt better suited her. Archival work matched her personality as someone who liked quiet environments behind the scenes, rather than “in the public eye.” Jennifer knew she did not want to be a teacher and thought she could a place in library sciences. Pelose attended Simmons College in Boston, where she received. Her Masters in Library Science and an MA in History.  

We got to talking about trends and movements across the field. Pelose identified the  More Product Less Process movement, a phrase coined by Mark Green and Dennis Meissner in their article by that same name, for its importance in the field.  The article called for archivists to reconstruct the way they process their collections by focusing on reducing backlog and opening collections rather than describing their contents at the item level. Pelose says this article caused quite the movement and continues to do so today. Pelose cited the article as “a lightning rod” for the time, changing to minimal processing and getting collections out there for the public, even if it meant reducing user services. It also shifted resources to public services rather than processing archivists, another big change. Pelose told me she’s known people who have shown up for their first day of work to find a copy of this article sat waiting for them on their desk. Still, despite having embraced this movement in her past positions across different archives, Pelose considers this  only one “method,” suggesting that it’s best to look at the needs of the individual archive rather than adhere to a movement. 

Pelose also addressed the movement towards digitization;  the “digital tsunami,” she joked, is here.. The rush to digitize introduces more challenges in making highly requested records available, such as the WWII records at Harvard.  Digitization has forced archivists to start thinking differently about their collections. She says archivists need to treat these records as if they are any other record, but then the added perspective of putting them online. The Harvard University Archives, according to Pelose, plans to have their entire backlog, including all twenty repositories of the university, processed by 2026. Digitization is a great start for making Harvard’s previously restricted records more accessible.

Letter from John Hancock to Mrs. Mary Hancock, 1754 May 1. John Hancock Collection. Harvard University Archives.

On a more personal level, I asked Pelose to share her favorite object or collection that she has worked with. Delighted, Pelose identified two documents, both relating to founding father, John Hancock. She mentioned the letters between him and his sister around the time of her engagement, which revealed typical brother-sister bantering. Hancock complained that his sister hadn’t told him about her engagement in time, and then signed the bottom of the letter with his famously large signature. Pelose laughed and said he must’ve been practicing. She said her other favorite collection were those of Hancock as Harvard’s treasurer during the American Revolution.  At that time, he had brought all of the finance books from the university to Philadelphia. This collection reveals that the  University sent Hancock letters begging him to pay attention to the books and to pay people accordingly. Unfortunately, John Hancock never answered. Perhaps, Pelose suggested, Hancock was too occupied to care. She said she loved the records of a man having to go to Philadelphia on horseback, take the records from him, and then establish a new treasurer.

Talking to Jennifer Pelose gave me a great opportunity to learn about the journey of an archivist, from the day-to-day to the looming trends and movements within the field as well as the personal narrative of an individual in the field. Pelose’s reflections offered important insight to how career archivists work and think about their and think about their work in the field, and it only made me more interested in the possibility of working in archives. My conversation with Pelose was useful for a brief discussion of  Library Science vs. Public History in archives that we had in my class, HIST 626, Introduction to Archives.  Pelose also reassured me that many of her colleagues, past and present, have come from Public History; Archives is not an exclusive club.

Tags: Archives, Archives Student, Informational Interview, Jennifer Pelose, Harvard University Archives, More Product Less Process, Library Science

“What’s An Archivist to Do?”: An Exercise in Appraisal

By Violet Caswell

Graduate students enrolled in Professor Marilyn Morgan’s “Introduction to Archives” class do a lot of reading. We read about the history of archives, core archival principles, and about challenges that modern archivists face. And we read theory- lots of theory. Information from books, journal articles, and even blog posts swirl around in our heads as we to get a handle on the essential practices and principles of the profession. The process can be frustrating– like when we have to reread the same dense sentence five times to ascertain its meaning– but it can also be immensely rewarding, especially when we get to apply our knowledge to real-world situations.

Enter Juliana Kuipers, Senior Collection Development Curator and Archivist at the Harvard University Archives.

Guest speaker Juliana Kuipers leading graduate students in the Archives program in a discussion of appraisal based on real experiences.

Juliana visited our class recently, to talk about her experience in the field and also to lead a short exercise in appraisal. A week in advance, we broke into teams and, in addition to reading published articles about selection and appraisal, Marilyn assigned us a document containing five appraisal scenarios drawn from Juliana’s experience at the Harvard Archives. Our task was straightforward: after contemplating the theoretical readings, we were to put ourselves in Juliana’s shoes, and decide whether or not to accession materials for the Archives.

Faith Plazarin, Taylor Finch, and Iona Feldman debate whether or not the Archives should accession the personal papers of an alumnus from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.

It didn’t take long for us to realize that this assignment was more complicated than it seemed at first glance. There were all kinds of questions to consider, from issues of provenance to ethical dilemmas to everything in between. Similarly, there were a host of materials involved in the scenarios, including diaries, correspondence, artwork, scrapbooks, and artifacts.  As we weighed the benefits and drawbacks of accessioning each collection, we remained cognizant of the Archives’ Collection Policy, a document which clarifies much but also contains ambiguity.

Juliana Kuipers shares her experience with archival selection.

What did it mean, some of us wondered, that the Archives sought “to gather an accurate, authentic, and complete record of the life of the University”? Did that mean that the institution should purchase or accept any collection remotely relating to Harvard? Were some materials more conducive to this end than others? What about resources? Should collections that require fewer resources (finances, personnel, space) take precedence over materials that are more costly? And if the archivist decided not to accession the collection, what then? Did he or she have an obligation to suggest other avenues for the donor to pursue? The Archive’s Collection policy provided clues, but no hard-and-fast answers.

Grad students Chris Norton, Nina Rodwin, and Maddy Moison, with guest speaker Juliana Kuipers, discussing selection challenges and how to navigate tricky acquisitions issues.

Juliana smiled and nodded as we expressed our uncertainties. In many ways, she told us, uncertainty is one of the hallmarks of the accessioning process. The determinations that archivists make on a day-to-day basis require background knowledge, critical thinking, and even a little creativity. They argue for and against the accessioning of materials whose incorporation into the Archives is in no means inevitable. Juliana encouraged our class to keep working to develop the skills that will allow us to make informed decisions that will enhance the collections of our future institutions.

Our sincerest thanks to Juliana Kuipers for sharing her time and experiences with us. Stay tuned for updates on the ways in which our class continues to learn about archives and think as archivists!