The Art of Archives

UMass Boston || English 600 || Spring 2015 || Prof. Erin Anderson

Tag: power

The JFK Library archival collection

The very existence of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library is an obvious function of political power. This collection exists solely because it represents a political figure in American history, a president and his administration. The Kennedy administration was of course cut short due to the president’s assassination, and the archived materials represent an unfinished presidency. In this sense, this archive and the numerous materials held there certainly do act as “a type of sepulcher where these remains are laid to rest” (Mbembe, 22). At the same time the archive is also a “shelter” (Derrida), where the remains of President Kennedy’s life and legacy may be protected and preserved.

Being a presidential library, the collection is assumed to be nationally significant and as such is made easily accessible to the public. Many collections are fully digitized and available on the archive’s website, and the archive has an ongoing digitization initiative. This allows the collections to be readily available to all types of researchers, not just academics. The physical materials themselves remain sheltered under security and inaccessible to the general public. On-site researchers fill out call slips to request materials (if available) and the materials are brought to the research room where they may be viewed.

The entire archival collection is divided into textual and audio/visual archives. The textual archive is very well organized: from collection title, series name, box number, folder title, to item title. The Personal Papers of John F. Kennedy collection contains a “Pre-Presidential” series, a “Presidential Campaign” series, and a “President’s Office Files” series. The President’s Office Files further organizes materials into subseries, such as “National Security Files” and “White House Central Name Files.” There are also subseries for staff members and departments. Materials in each series are chronological. This presents a very structured, very ordered set of materials chosen to represent this administration.

The materials in the archives are not limited to those belonging to President Kennedy himself. The textual archives contain a number of collections, including the papers of John F. Kennedy, his speechwriters, his staff, and his wife, as well as other family members. Because of this, the scope of archival materials in the collection covers a much more extensive time period than just the short President Kennedy was in office. (There are, for example, international travel booklets and logs in his mother’s own sub-collection, from trips in the early 1900’s that have essentially nothing to do with John F. Kennedy or his administration.)

The nature of the collection allows for any number of varied materials related to John F. Kennedy to be included. The sub-collections and subseries categorize all materials housed in the archives, and every item is designated a specified home. This careful organization makes the collections easily searchable. Important and/or classified national documents are housed alongside (comparably) unimportant notes and doodles. All are treated as equally important and are carefully catalogued and recorded in the finding aids. These materials are traces of the “authentic” experiences of this administration and its time.

In addition to the president’s personal papers, the archive includes collections of correspondence sent to the White House by various individuals and groups. This correspondence is carefully ordered by date, then by sender in the “White House Central Name File” or by subject in the “White House Central Subject File.” These boxes not only contain letters, but also pamphlets, flyers, artwork, newspaper clippings, photographs, etc. These types of materials provide more historical value and “authenticity” to the archival collection. These collections of correspondence also preserve the individual voices of those who sent correspondence and accompanying materials to the White House. These items within the collections reveal a lot about the time period and what was culturally significant at the time.

The collection is relatively silent on the assassination of President Kennedy (and subsequent conspiracy theories.) As this is a federal institution, the government likely cannot be viewed to be lending credence to assassination conspiracy theories, and as such the subject is avoided altogether. This means that the physical traces or evidence of these theories are necessarily excluded from the archive. There are, however, sub-collections dedicated to President Kennedy’s funeral and condolence mail sent to family members in the wake of his death. These have been deemed appropriate materials to preserve and make available to the public. While the assassination is not covered by the collection, it could be said that President Kennedy’s untimely death provides additional significance and mystique to this archival collection. This particular archive is undoubtedly “rooted in death” (Mbembe, 22).

Who decides what is included or excluded in a collection such as a presidential archive? Where is the line drawn for “relevant” materials?

Blog Post #1: Archives, Knowledge, Power

Select any deliberate collection (official or everyday) and analyze how it has been arranged, catalogued, described, and presented. What logics or assumptions govern the selection and ordering of its components? What kinds of things does its structure invite or include? What might it silence, obscure, or overlook? Use this week’s readings to think through these questions and pose questions of your own.

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