Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Transcranial direct current stimulation is a non-invasive intervention the provides a low level of electricity with the aim of increasing brain function in particular areas. We study the impact of this stimulation on functional outcomes such as balance and balance while standing doing another task (like counting). In our lab we also use the same cap with leads to measure brain activity using electroencephalography or EEG.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an instrument that noninvasively measures the amount of oxygen being delivered to the brain tissue. When brain tissue is being used it requires oxygen for its metabolism. Using this instrument we can measure changes in oxygen during various tasks like balance.
Transcranial Dopplers (TCD)
Transcranial dopplers (TCD) is a noninvasive tool to measure blood flow in the brain using ultrasound. Typically the skull is too thick for ultrasound waves to pass through, but in TCD ultrasound waves pass through the thin temporal bone and measure the velocity of blood traveling through arteries providing blood the brain. We measure changes in these velocities between rest and tasks like balancing and balancing while doing a task. The TCD probe we use is attached to a pair of glasses which allows our participants to get up and move while the data are being collected.
Mobility Lab
Mobility lab is a program that collects data from accelerometers attached to the feet and waist. These instruments help us to answer questions like:
- How still can the participant stand?
- How quickly can a participant stand up and start walking?
- Does balance change when a participant is distracted by a task like counting?
The accelerometers are attached with velcro straps so they remain in place while participants are up moving around.